Jan 14, 2019: Deutsche Lufthansa AG grabs top spot to become Europe’s biggest airline by overtaking Paris-based Air France-KLM Group after 14 years.

Having closed in on its rival in 2017, the German carrier finally cruised past last year after boosting passenger traffic 9 percent, almost three times the pace of growth at its rival. Air France-KLM is also being reeled in by British Airways owner IAG SA, which expanded twice as fast in 2018.

Lufthansa is now 0.2 percent bigger than Air France-KLM when measured by traffic or revenue passenger kilometres, the industry benchmark calculated by multiplying the number of passengers carried with the distance flown.

The changing hierarchy marks the culmination of mostly organic growth at Lufthansa, aided by the purchase of smaller brands Swiss, Austrian and Brussels and the expansion of discount unit Eurowings, which grew by almost one-quarter last year. Lufthansa also secured a key deal with pilots in 2017 and last year benefited from unexpectedly high demand in first class.

Air France-KLM, by contrast, has suffered years of strife as workers resist overhaul plans, leading to successive management shakeups as its French state shareholder balked at sometimes violent labour unrest. The French arm was also affected by air-traffic control strikes last year, as well as the nationwide Yellow Vests anti-government protests.